This article outlines the importance of cybersecurity for modern engine control systems. Much emphasis is placed on how fast-paced the technologies in the automotive industry are and the several risks involved with their use. Due to high connectivity and heavy dependency on software, serious vulnerabilities are present in trucks' engine control units (ECUs) that pose a severe threat regarding cybersecurity in the automotive industry. The article discusses how engine control systems have been developing over time, enumerates the most common cyber-attacks they face, and points out the consequences that may influence vehicle safety and performance, as well as environmental compliance. Attention is given to regulatory laws, industry standards, and strategies regarding how to handle these challenges. The article also discusses how artificial intelligence influences ECU security and the challenges and opportunities arising in this fast-changing sector. Overall, the article provides a broad overview of the relationship between cybersecurity and ECUs, underlining the fact that strong security is urgently needed to provide safety, reliability, and trustworthiness to modern vehicles.