Valorization of Gmelina arborea Waste Leaves for the Synthesis of Bio-Disinfectants
This work is carried out to produce eco-friendly disinfectants from renewable sources to obey the clarion call for climate revival. Two bio-disinfectants, 2-3-dihydroxyl propanal (glyceraldehyde) and ortho-cresol (o-cresol) were synthesized from dry leaves of Gmelina arborea using barium chloride catalyst and distilled water at 60 oC. The products obtained were analyzed using GC-MS. The yield of 2-3-dihydroxyl propanalobtained at reaction temperatures of 10, 20, 30, 40, 50 and 60 oC were 2.94, 5.51, 5.47, 5.55, 11.61, and 1.14%, respectively. Similarly, the yields of ortho-cresol, at the corresponding reaction time, were 4.76, 8.14, 8.40, 7.63, 10.05, and 18.31%, respectively. The production of these two bio-disinfectants from biodegradable waste material has helped in the utilization and recycling of waste leaves into useful materials and also protects the environment and the entire ecosystem.
Eryilmaz M. New generation disinfectants. Journal of Pharmaceutical Microbiology. 2016;2(1):6.
Khobragade DS. Health care waste: Avoiding hazards to living and nonliving environment by efficient management. Fortune Journal of Health Sciences. 2019;2(2):14-29.
Makhoahle P, Gaseitsiwe T. Efficacy of Disinfectants on Common Laboratory Surface Microorganisms at RS Mangaliso Hospital, NHLS Laboratory, South Africa. Bull Pioneer Res Med Clin Sci. 2022;1(1):1-2.
Kumar M, Tandel K. Chapter Overview. Prevention of Healthcare-Associated Infections: Infection Prevention and Control. 2021 Jan 31:326.
Akhairi MA, Kamarudin SK. Catalysts in direct ethanol fuel cell (DEFC): An overview. International journal of hydrogen energy. 2016 Feb 23;41(7):4214-28.
Kocak E, Bilgili F, Bulut U, Kuskaya S. Is ethanol production responsible for the increase in corn prices? Renewable Energy. 2022 Nov 1; 199:689-96.
Parveen N, Chowdhury S, Goel S. Environmental impacts of the widespread use of chlorine-based disinfectants during the COVID-19 pandemic. Environmental Science and Pollution Research. 2022 Dec;29(57):85742-60.
Sedlak DL, von Gunten U. The chlorine dilemma. Science. 2011 Jan 7;331(6013):42-3.
Rangkooy HA, Marghzari L, Dehaghi BF, Angali KA. Survey effect of exposure to formaldehyde on pulmonary function test in hospital staffs. Asian Journal of Pharmaceutics. 2018 Apr 1;12(2): S580-S4.
El Zawi NR, Elyasseri AM. A review of toxicity, genotoxicity and teratogenicity of formaldehyde. Cancer. 2021; 15:43.
Takigawa T, Endo Y. Effects of glutaraldehyde exposure on human health. Journal of Occupational Health. 2006;48(2):75-87.
Copeland S, Nugent K. Persistent and unusual respiratory findings after prolonged glutaraldehyde exposure. The International Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine. 2015 Jul;6(3):177.
Hesam G, Vahabi Shekarloo M, Atamaleki A, Jalali M, Hajipour-Verdom B, Moradpour Z. Health risk assessment of inhalation exposure to dry fogging of hydrogen peroxide in a dental clinic during the COVID-19 pandemic. Environmental Science and Pollution Research. 2022 Oct;29(50):75338-43.
Yang XY, Liu HY. Hydrogen peroxide is a risk factor for occupational chemical poisoning. Chinese Medical Journal. 2021 Apr 5;134(07):881-2.
De Matteis S, Ronsmans S, Nemery B. Respiratory health effects of exposure to cleaning products. Clinics in chest medicine. 2020 Dec 1;41(4):641-50.
Johnson VJ, Reynolds JS, Wang W, Fluharty K, Yucesoy B. Inhalation of ortho-phthalaldehyde vapour cause respiratory sensitization in mice. Journal of Allergy. 2011;2011.
Cavalcanti LW, Nepomuceno AB, Ferreira JD. Unexpected Ocular Manifestations Due to Exposure to Highly Concentrated Peracetic Acid: A Case Report. The American Journal of Case Reports. 2023;24: e940114-1.
Alamsyah DP, Syarifuddin D, Mohammed HA. Green customer behaviour on eco-friendly products: Innovation approach. JDM (Jurnal Dinamika Manajemen). 2018 Sep 27;9(2):159-69.
Kate AE, Singh A, Shahi NC, Pandey JP, Prakash O, Singh TP. Novel eco-friendly techniques for extraction of food-based lipophilic compounds from biological materials. Nat. Prod. Chem. Res. 2016;4(5):1000231.
Collins B, Guinane CM, Cotter PD, Hill C, Ross RP. Assessing the contributions of the LiaS histidine kinase to the innate resistance of Listeria monocytogenes to nisin, cephalosporins, and disinfectants. Applied and Environmental Microbiology. 2012 Apr 15;78(8):2923-9.
Ton SS, Chang SH, Hsu LY, Wang MH, Wang KS. Evaluation of acute toxicity and teratogenic effects of disinfectants by Daphnia magna embryo assay. Environmental pollution. 2012 Sep 1; 168:54-61.
Hauman CH, Love RM. Biocompatibility of dental materials used in contemporary endodontic therapy: a review. Part 1. Intracanal drugs and substances. International endodontic journal. 2003 Feb;36(2):75-85.
Ouyang J, Liu X, Wang BH, Pan JB, Shen S, Chen L, Au CT, Yin SF. WO3 Photoanode with Predominant Exposure of {202} Facets for Enhanced Selective Oxidation of Glycerol to Glyceraldehyde. ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces. 2022 May 12;14(20):23536-45.
Zhao YZ, Li X, Lu CT, Xu YY, Lv HF, Dai DD, Zhang L, Sun CZ, Yang W, Li XK, Zhao YP. Experiment on the feasibility of using modified gelatin nanoparticles as an insulin pulmonary administration system for diabetes therapy. Acta Diabetologia. 2012 Aug; 49:315-25.
Cherian S, Ryu SB, Cornish K. Natural rubber biosynthesis in plants, the rubber transferase complex, and metabolic engineering progress and prospects. Plant biotechnology journal. 2019 Nov;17(11):2041-61.
Demetra SI, Carmen GA, Daniela BE, Maria ST, Snezana CU, Gabriela PA, Cristina EN. Renewable Composites Based on Oak Acorn Extract, Collagen, and Whey, with Applications in Leather Processing. Annals of the University of Oradea. Fascicle of Textiles, Leatherwork. 2023 Jan 1;24(1).
Avilés-García O, Mendoza-Zepeda A, Regalado-Méndez A, Espino-Valencia J, Martínez-Vargas SL, Romero R, Natividad R. Photo-Oxidation of Glycerol Catalyzed by Cu/TiO2. Catalysts. 2022 Jul 29;12(8):835.
Singh S, Patel A. Selective green esterification and oxidation of glycerol over 12-tungstophosphoric acid anchored to MCM-48. Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research. 2014 Sep 24;53(38):14592-600.
Parodi AR, Merlo C, Córdoba A, Palopoli C, Ferreyra J, Signorella S, Ferreira ML, Magario I. Application of metal complexes as biomimetic catalysts on glycerol oxidation. Molecular Catalysis. 2020 Feb 1; 481:110236.
Wojtunik-Kulesza KA. Toxicity of selected monoterpenes and essential oils rich in these compounds. Molecules. 2022 Mar 6;27(5):1716.
Bruze M, Zimerson E. Contact allergy to o-cresol—a sensitizer in phenol-formaldehyde resin. American Journal of Contact Dermatitis. 2002 Dec 1;13(4):198-200.
Juszkiewicz M, Walczak M, Woźniakowski G. Characteristics of selected active substances used in disinfectants and their virucidal activity against ASFV. Journal of veterinary research. 2019 Mar;63(1):17.
Torres-Contreras AM, Garcia-Baeza A, Vidal-Limon HR, Balderas-Renteria I, Ramírez-Cabrera MA, Ramirez-Estrada K. Plant secondary metabolites against skin photodamage: Mexican plants, a potential source of UV-radiation protectant molecules. Plants. 2022 Jan 15;11(2):220.
H. Ibrahim and Ali M. Abubakar. Facile Synthetical Method of Squalene from Vegetable Residue. Journal of Chemical Engineering and Industrial Biotechnology (JCEIB) ISSN: 2600-7347 e-ISSN: 0126-8139 VOL. 09, ISSUE 01, XXX – XXX DOI: https://doi.org/10.15282/
Haruna Ibrahim and Abubakar M. Ali. A New Strategy to Synthesize Pentyl 2-hydroxy Benzoate from Renewable Gmelina arborea Leaves. Asian Journal of Advances in Research, Volume 6, Issue 1, Page 232-236, 2023; Article no. AJOAIR.2538
Liu M, Liu H, Li N, Zhang C, Zhang J, Wang F. Selective oxidation of glycerol into formic acid by photogenerated holes and superoxide radicals. ChemSusChem. 2022 Oct 10;15(19): e202201068.
Tan HW, Aziz AA, Aroua MK. Glycerol production and its applications as a raw material: A review. Renewable and sustainable energy reviews. 2013 Nov 1; 27:118-27.
Kuznetsov PN, Kuznetsova LI, Buryukin FA, Marakushina EN, Frizorger VK. Methods for the preparation of coal-tar pitch. Solid Fuel Chemistry. 2015 Jul;49(4):213-25.
Li A, Zhu C, Zhang L, Ma Y, Xu D, Gao J, Wang Y. Efficient extraction and theoretical insights for separating o‐, m‐, and p‐cresol from model coal tar by an ionic liquid [Emim][DCA]. The Canadian Journal of Chemical Engineering. 2022 Apr;100: S205-12.
Li A, Xu X, Zhang L, Gao J, Xu D, Wang Y. Separation of cresol from coal tar by imidazolium-based ionic liquid [Emim][SCN]: Interaction exploration and extraction experiment. Fuel. 2020 Mar 15; 264:116908.
Copyright (c) 2023 International Journal of Engineering and Computer Science
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.