Abstract— Conventional computer-based multimodal biometric systems for human recognition based on face and gait cues are mainly based on recognition of perfect images of face and gait. There are situations, where perfect face and gait images may not be available which means probe images are imperfect. This paper proposes new methods Median Local Binary Pattern of Face image (Median-LBPF) and Gait image (Median-LBPG) to extract the features of imperfect face and gait images efficiently representing such imperfect images for better recognition. Initially the given imperfect face and gait images are divided into six overlapped regions called top, bottom, left, right, vertical center, horizontally center overlapped half images. The features of these six overlapped regions of imperfect face and gait images in the spatial domain are extracted by using Median-LBPF and Median-LBPG. Subsequently the dimensionality of the feature sets are reduced by a two stage feature reduction algorithms Principal Component Analysis (PCA) followed by Linear Discriminant Analysis (LDA). Next the individual face features and gait features are normalized to have their values lie within similar ranges and are concatenated at feature level. For classification, Euclidean distance measure is used to calculate the minimum of minimum distance between the six overlapped regions of given imperfect face and gait probe images and the corresponding regions of all six overlapped regions in the training sets. The proposed methods are tested by using publically available data sets ORL face and CASIA gait. The experimental results show that features of a region of face and gait images are adequate for recognition and its average recognition performance is same as perfect face and gait images.
References
Annbuselvi.K, Santhi.N, Intelligences of Fusing Face and Gait in Multimodal Biometric System: A Contemporary Study, International Journal of Computer Science Trends and Technology (IJCST) – Volume X Issue X, ISSN: 2347-8578.
Muhtahir O.Oloyede, and Gerhard P. Hancke, Unimodal and Multimodal Biometric Sensing Systems: A Review, IEEE, 2016.
Annbuselvi.K, Santhi.N, Role of Feature Extraction Techniques: PCA and LDA for Appearance Based Gait Recognition, International Journal of Computer Sciences and Engineering, Vol-6, Special Issue- 4, 2018, E-ISSN: 2347-2693.
Charoenpong Theekapun, Shogo Tokai, Hiroyuki Hase, Facial Expression Recognition from a Partial Face Image by Using Displacement Vector, IEEE, Proceedings of ECTI-CON 2008.
Zheng-Hai Huang a,c, Wen-Juan Li a, Jin Shanga,b, Jun Wang b, Ting Zhanga, Non-uniform patch based face recognition via 2D-DWT, Elsevier, Image and Vision Computing 37 (2015) 12–19.
Oh H., Lee K., and Lee S., “Occlusion Invariant Face Recognition Using Selective Local Non-Negative Matrix Factorization Basis Images,” Image and Vision Computing, 2008.
Yumi Iwashita, Koji Uchino and Ryo Kurazume, Gait-Based Person Identification Robust to Changes in Appearance, Sensors 2013, 13, 7884-7901; doi:10.3390/s130607884.
Di Huang, Caifeng Shan, Mohsen Ardebilian, Yunhong Wang, and Liming Chen, Local Binary Patterns and Its Application to Facial Image Analysis: A Survey, IEEE Transactions on Systems, San, and Cybernetics - Part c: Applications and Reviews, vol. 41, no. 6, November 2011.
Li Liu, Paul Fieguth, Xiaogang Wang, Matti Pietikainen, and Dewen Hu, Evaluation of LBP and Deep Texture Descriptors with a New Robustness Benchmark, Springer International Publishing AG 2016, pp. 69–86, DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-46487-9 5.
Santhi.N, Annbuselvi.K, Performance Analysis of Feature Extraction, International Journal of Engineering Research in Computer Science and Engineering, Vol 5, Issue 3, March 2018, ISSN (Online) 2394-2320.
Ali Elmahmudi, Hassan Ugail, Deep face recognition using imperfect facial data, Elsevier, Future Generation Computer Systems 99 (2019) 213–225
.